SPEND QUALITY TIME NOT ALL YOUR DOLLARS – YOUR NYC VISITOR GUIDE

Photo by Ann Massey

There’s is no getting away from it, a trip to NYC can be costly, but it doesn’t have to cost the Earth and some things are actually free! Here are my top tips for making the most of your time in the Big Apple without breaking the bank.

When To Travel

Unless you are absolutely desperate to get caught up in all the Thanksgiving and Christmas madness, or wish to feel like a cow on a cattle ranch in the height of Summer, choose your time to travel CAREFULLY!

We tend to visit in January. This is when you get the best flight prices, hotel rates, restaurant week prices and reduced rates at attractions. Particularly in early January, there are many Christmas lights still up and you get to enjoy the wintery, festive weather without the crowds and hefty price tag.

While the idea of warm sun may be appealing, New York will be hot, humid, sticky and with higher pollution levels in the summer months, not to mention packed. Sunshine in Central Park may sound romantic, but not when you can’t see the grass for people.

We found that in January, people are nicer too! After the stress of Christmas and large crowds, the attractions and even the Central Park carriage drivers have more time for you, prices are lower and you get a far more pleasurable experience. We even get sunshine with our crisp weather to make it more special!

Who To Fly With And What Seats to Buy

Photo by Ann Massey

Dominic is a big, burly chap so for a flight of seven and a half hours or so needs to be comfortable. The question is, if you pay for an upgraded seat, what are you paying for exactly?

One time we decided to go with British Airways, which meant a short flight from Dublin to London Heathrow before boarding the 777 with premium economy seats. Now the seats were lovely, food and extras were fabulous and we were treated like VIPS, even though it wasn’t Business or First Class.

Photo by Ann Massey

The downside of this however is that we didn’t get to do the USA Pre-clearance which can only be done at Shannon or Dublin and of course, it added hours to our travel time. For the return leg on the Dreamliner, the journey was not of the same level of comfort and service was rushed, so essentially we had paid for nothing.

With Delta, their first level upgrade isn’t really an upgrade worth talking about. Marginally increased legroom and nothing else special.

Unless you can afford to fly Business Class or First Class, don’t waste your money on lower level upgrades, it really isn’t worth it. Instead, just opt for the economy/coach seating with extra legroom if you need it.

When looking at airlines, they are all much of a muchness and this time we will be flying Aer Lingus. Go for value flights that suit the times you want to travel. Remember the majority of flights coming back from NYC are red-eyes. Food tends to get served really quickly to be out of the way, lights are dimmed and folks try to sleep so forking out for anything else is a waste. Perhaps treat yourself outbound but definitely don’t bother on the return.

Airports

Cocktail at 51st and Green Lounge, Dublin Airport- photo by Ann Massey

Wherever possible, opt for an airport that has US pre-clearance, so in Europe that is Dublin and Shannon airports. The process is much less stressful and when you land in NYC you are straight out of the domestic terminal, no long lines after a long flight!

The airports are one of the times I will tell you to spend money. Book your car parking in advance for a smooth arrival. Make use of Fast Track security – again, something like this takes so much stress out of your journey. It’s uncomfortable enough having to unload everything into a box, take off items of clothing and go through scanners, without having to queue for ages doing it!

Pay for use of an airport lounge. In Shannon Airport it is the Ború Lounge and at Dublin Airport it is the 51st and Green Lounge exclusively for US pre-clearance. So civilised and quiet, with comfortable seats, good food and drinks and you can sip on a pre-flight cocktail while watching the planes. There are also good facilities for refreshing and even changing into flight clothes if you wish.

51st and Green Lounge, Dublin Airport – photo by Ann Massey

On your return, if you are buying duty free, your items will be taken from you and placed in a sealed bag, to be handed to you at the aircraft. Ensure the seal is intact as that is a requirement for bringing it back into your home airport.

Hotels

The Carnegie Hotel

When selecting your hotel, make sure that all the taxes are included in the price so you don’t have a nasty shock on checkout. To be fair, whether booking direct or through someone like Booking.com there is clarity on your final price. Many hotels do not include breakfast in your price so if you can find a good deal, go for one that does.

Here the cheapest isn’t your best option. Location is key, both for safety and accessibility. Go for somewhere that has a radial walking distance of around 15 minutes to main attractions and locations you want to visit. Midtown is usually best for value hotels that cover this and do read reviews before you book. We have been staying at The Carnegie Hotel, which was a perfect location opposite Carnegie Hall and had a free and very nice buffet breakfast as well as a free cheese and wine hour in the early evening, however this time around their prices have rocketed so we will be looking elsewhere.

While views and large fancy rooms are nice, they are a waste of money! You aren’t travelling across the Atlantic Ocean to stay in a hotel room. To make the most of your time in the city you are going to be spending very little time in bed. A place to lay your head with heating/air-con and a decent shower are all you need!

In your hotel you would tip a porter, waiter or bartender, but that is pretty much it on the cost front.

Transport

Photo by Ann Massey

The great thing about airport taxis into the city, are that they are set pricing from JFK. It’s a set journey rate plus toll, tax and peak hour surcharge but you do need to account for a tip. All told you will be looking at around $70 for this journey including a decent tip. Remember tipping is everything in NYC and we will cover that as we go.

So you’ve had your yellow taxi ride and this is the one definite time to use it. After this, because of traffic levels, don’t waste your time or money unless you are out for the night and it is a question of feeling safer going back to your hotel. Yellow taxis are also very uncomfortable, another good reason to avoid them where you can. I am only 5′ 3″ and my knees were jammed against the divider. We never touched an Uber. For your return journey, get your hotel to book your car back to the airport – the price is similar and they will be using a reputable service.

Photo by Ann Massey

Our first primary method of getting around NYC is the Subway. We bought a 7 day pass and it takes you everywhere all the time without further outlay. Download one of the NYC navigation maps and your routes, subway times and distances to subway stations are all laid out for you.

The subway is a different world, remember it is how New Yorkers get around on a daily basis. The stations are great bits of history, with good art pieces and of course, buskers. My advice is don’t be putting your hand in your bag to take out change for buskers, beggars or anything else while travelling the subway. If it is loose in your pocket fair enough, just don’t draw attention to yourself. That said, I was serenaded on the downtown train by a group of retired gentleman singing Motown and Dominic had a couple of dollars in his pocket which we were more than happy to give!

Dominic on the Subway platform – Photo by Ann Massey

You will also see strange things, but that is par for the course in any major city, just be alert and act like you belong and you will be fine. It really isn’t any different than riding the Underground in London or the LUAS in Dublin.

Our other primary transport was a simple one – OUR FEET! With the right hotel selection and studying a map before you go, you can really make the most of this option and your time. It is also the best way to find hidden gems to explore and places to eat that you would otherwise miss. Even in the rain it is manageable and we just bought an umbrella from one of the stores we passed for a few dollars and binned it when we left.

Staten Island Ferry Terminal – photo by Ann Massey

A great free resource that visitors tend to forget is the Staten Island Ferry! Running 24/7, the distinct orange vessel is a great experience in itself and you get amazing views of downtown Manhattan and of course, the Statue of Liberty. Staten Island itself is not shy of a few nice places to eat or explore if the mood takes you, however we just had a small wander and got the next ferry back.

Photo from Ferry to Ferry! By Ann Massey

Dining Out

Hotdogs at Brooklyn Diner – photo by Ann Massey

This can be pretty pricey with taxes and tips if you haven’t done your homework or taken advice from someone. So let’s break down the options for you.

Breakfast/Brunch

Breakfast with a view at The Carnegie Hotel – photo by Ann Massey

If you have breakfast included in your hotel price, load up! There are also many dining options with good value breakfast and brunches around NYC but go for one closest to your hotel. The hungrier you get walking, the worse your decisions and the damage to your pocket.

Lunch

East Village Pizza – photo by Ann Massey

Again, there are good value lunch options, or you could grab from a food truck, but just make sure you are using a vendor/establishment that is displaying the A rating. Keep away from the rest! On busy days, we would return to the hotel for a brief rest and change of clothes and order take out to be delivered to the hotel. It meant we were comfortable, got the choice we wanted and paid far less than we would sitting in somewhere. In NYC lunch is fuel to keep you going!

Dinner

Angelo’s – photo by Ann Massey

This is where things can get pricy and I will elaborate on some of the more famous places next, but generally I would suggest choosing a couple of nice restaurants for dinner and booking in advance and go mid-range for the rest. There are some great places like the Brooklyn Diner that do breakfast, lunch and dinner, with a good choice, good vibe and serve alcohol if you want a glass of wine with your food. If it is used by locals its a good thing! We also used small Italian restaurants near to the hotel which were authentic and very well priced with a great ambience.

Big Name Establishments For Dining – Are They Worth It?

Hard Rock Cafe – photo by Ann Massey

The more well known, the higher the price, pure and simple. We dined at Planet Hollywood and the Hard Rock Cafe and both are completely overrated. We are music and film nuts so we did appreciate the memorabilia but the quality of food and service versus the price was not worth it be honest.

Avoid dining in key landmark attractions as you are a captive audience and they price accordingly for average and sometimes below average food. Places like the Tavern on the Green in Central Park are also ok to give a miss as you are paying for the name and not necessarily getting the right return on your buck.

Dominic at The Rainbow Room, Rockefeller Center – photo by Ann Massey

We did choose to have a small bite and a cocktail on our first night in the Rainbow Room Bar SixtyFive at the Rockefeller Center. The price was reasonable for the location and a burger and chips, it was elegant and full of a well to do crowd with a great view of the Empire State Building. As there are so many options for Manhattan skyline viewing now, I would avoid the Top of the Rock Observation Deck and pop into the Rainbow Room instead for a treat.

Enjoy The Plaza without the hefty price tag! You can wander around The Plaza hotel and they welcome visitors, just not in the private residents area (some of the hotel is now private apartments). So go in, take your photos, look at the Palm Court and Champagne Bar, but do your dining in the lower level food hall. Here you can have everything from lobster and champagne to burgers, Sushi and Italian food, all without breaking the bank. It is a really great location for lunch.

Food Hall at The Plaza – photo by Ann Massey

Make use of well used smaller establishments, particularly for lunch such as East Village Pizza or some of the lower priced chain restaurants and take outs.

I will be covering all our dining locations in a separate article, but for now remember when it comes to breakfast and lunch, you are fuelling up for your explorations! Save your money for dinner.

Free Locations to Visit

The Rose Room, New York Public Library – photo by Ann Massey

As we have covered, the Staten Island Ferry is free, as is walking around Staten Island! Of a similar persuasion, Brooklyn Bridge and walking across to explore Brooklyn, Central Park, Washington Square Park, Grand Central Station, all free! Along with Central Park of course, you have a chance to see the famous Dakota Building, Strawberry Fields and the John Lennon memorial, as well as your movie locations without putting your hand in your pocket.

Me Photographing the Supreme Court – photo by Dominic McElroy

Grand Central Station does do guided tours that are inexpensive and well worth it if you love history and haunted locations! Battery Park is another free place to visit with amazing monuments and sculptures, views out to Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty. Beside it is the Irish Hunger Memorial which is also free to enter and explore.

Visit Bryant Park and beside it, the New York Public Library, with great artefacts, books and architecture, and of course the majority of Manhattan museums are free to enter, including the Met, the Guggenheim and American Museum of Natural History.

Of course you then have all your stores, Bloomingdales, Macy’s, Tiffanys, The Apple Store, all free to walk around. Times Square is of course free to access and has a very different vibe in the day and at night so make sure to explore both.

Saint Patrick’s Cathedral – photo by Ann Massey

As you are on 5th Avenue anyway, explore the Gothic wonder of Saint Patrick’s Cathedral, costing you only a bit of time and a prayer if you want and maybe small change to light a candle. Travel to Union Square, take your photos of the Flatiron and then go to City Hall, before climbing the Law Court steps and re-enacting your favourite TV and film scenes, all free of charge!

Getting The Best From Your Attractions and Landmarks

Top of the Empire State Building from the Observation Deck – photo by Ann Massey

There are several options for combo tickets that on the face of it will save you money, however they are often basic entry with add ons, restrict visiting times and some of the things on the list you may not want to do so you don’t really end up saving much at all and make sure you avoid the tour buses.

When you are planning your day, check the forecast and locations of where you want to visit to work around the weather, maximise your time, reduce travel and minimise your expenditure. For example, City Hall, the Law Courts, Wall Street, Brooklyn Bridge, 9/11 Museum, Freedom Tower, Battery Park and the Irish Hunger Memorial are all in that 15 minute radius I talked about.

Night View from Brooklyn Bridge – photo by Ann Massey

A day for us then, was to explore the Financial District and Courts, the Irish Hunger Memorial, take the Staten Island Ferry, visit the 9/11 Museum and then see Brooklyn Bridge at night. We then returned to explore Battery Park, take the ferry out to Ellis Island and visit Freedom Tower for sunset.

We saw that it was going to be torrential rain on one day, so we booked the Behind the Scenes Tour at Madison Square Garden. We had thought of going to see Billy Joel, but he was completely sold out and to be honest, concert and theatre tickets don’t come cheap and take hours out of your trip.

Knicks Locker Room, Madison Square Garden – photo by Ann Massey

The Behind the Scenes tour is brilliant, covering history and the venue top to bottom, including VIP areas, the floor and even the Knicks and Rangers dressing rooms. It is very inexpensive for a two hour tour and you stay dry. Nearest station is Penn so you get to visit that too!

Before paying to visit the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island, ask yourself why you are going there. If you really want to climb to the top of the Statue of Liberty then go for it! Otherwise you are stepping onto Liberty Island for the sake of it. Your photos come from the ferry, either the Staten Island Ferry or the boat to Ellis Island that stops at Liberty Island on the way.

Statue of Liberty from Ferry to Ellis Island – photo by Ann Massey

If you are going out to Ellis Island, this is one where I suggest you go the whole hog and pay for the Hardhat Tour. You do the normal things, but then get a guided tour of the entire island, the old abandoned hospital buildings and get the full story of the island. You also get to stand on the shore and look out to the most amazing views of Manhattan.

If you are looking for the best all round view of NYC from a height, you won’t get better than One World Observatory at Freedom Tower, but try and go for sunset so you get the best of everything. The gift shop here is very pricey though so think before you buy!

Part of the Bar View at Freedom Tower – photo by Ann Massey

The Empire State Building is another must, but pick your time carefully. We actually visited at midnight in January – yes places stay open that late! By taking this option it was the cheapest entry, we had the elevator to ourselves, no queues and at the top there were only three others. Let’s be honest, its the city lights we love so a midnight Manhattan skyline was perfect!

When it comes to the Central Park carriages, go for the quirkier looking drivers. Ours had an Abraham Lincoln style hat and steam punk sunglasses and was an absolute joy, knowing his history, movies and taking great photos of us. But check the price and if you’re nice you can get a bit extra with a good tip – ours actually dropped us off at The Plaza which they aren’t supposed to do!

Shopping

Inside the Apple Store – photo by Ann Massey

The good old days of shopping bargains in NYC aren’t what they used to be, so if you are shopping, be mindful and only buy what you can’t get at home. Also remember that purchases brought in from New York are subject to Customs and Excise and will need to be declared on arrival and duty paid. If you try and sneak through and get called for a random baggage check, the fine is seriously going to outweigh any bargain you got in Saks!

Generic keepsakes, fridge magnets, mugs, NYPD and and NYFD style mementos are better purchased in convenience stores or even at the airport. I got some lovely t shirts and sweatshirts so cheaply at JFK.

Bloomingdale’s – photo by Ann Massey

The tourist stores tend to be poor quality and the attraction gift shops are extortionate. Only buy items in themed gift shops that are unique to the location. For example I got Christmas ornaments from Ellis Island and the Empire State Building. Lightweight, easy to pack, not expensive and great mementos.

The Disney Store, Hersheys, M&Ms and these kind of stores are fun to look around and buy a couple of small items, but remember you can get all these things online much cheaper and they take up room in your case.

So there you have it, a simple guide to getting the most out of your time and money on your trip to New York City. I shall be covering so much more on the myriad of places we have visited and experienced, but for now this is your starting point. Planning is everything when it comes to a successful and enjoyable NYC experience so start yours now!

Carriage Ride in Central Park – photo by our helpful driver!
Featured

WELCOME TO THE NEW WORLD – ELLIS ISLAND

View from the shore of Ellis Island

Every time I visited Cobh in County Cork, Ireland, I would go and stand by the statue of Annie Moore down by the quayside. You see, Annie Moore was an Irish teenager, who travelled to New York with her brothers across the Atlantic Ocean to join her parents in Manhattan. Annie was the first person to enter the United States via the new immigration centre on Ellis Island on 1st January 1892. New Year. New life.

So many of my own family made the same journey, many never to set foot on Irish soil again. In my town in the mid west of Ireland, we have a place called the Bridge of Tears, a place where those heading to Cork to make the voyage would say goodbye to loved ones for the last time.

I dreamed of seeing the sister statue of Annie on Ellis Island, so when I finally conquered my fear of flying across the Atlantic, it was top of my to do list. So what exactly is Ellis Island and why was it a symbol of hope for so many?

Read on to find out and discover why our visit to Ellis Island was the highlight of our trip to NYC.

Annie Moore statue

What Is Ellis Island?

This piece of land on the Hudson was the habitat of the Mohegan tribe who called their home ‘Kioshk’ meaning ‘Gull’ Island. It was then purchased by a Dutchman in 1630 who renamed it ‘Oyster’ island due to the abundance of shellfish.

It then took on a more sinister name, that of Gibbet Island. In the eighteenth century, captured pirates were hanged here as a warning to others. During the American Revolution the island was purchased by Samuel Ellis, a businessman who built a tavern here to quench the thirst of local fishermen.

I will look at the timeline for immigration in the U.S in the next section, however the now vacant tiny island was purchased by the Federal Government who had taken over immigration control. They more than doubled the area of Ellis by using landfill from among other things, rubble from the construction of the New York subway tunnels.

As the influx of immigrants increased over the decades, the island needed to grow with it. Two new islands were constructed in the early 20th century using landfill, – the first being used for the hospital administration buildings and contagious diseases, the second for the psychiatric ward and maternity wing.

In 1897 the main immigration building burned down, all records with it. It reopened in December of the same year as the building you set foot in today.

Ellis Island from the Ferry

Ellis Island went on to have multiple uses including an internment camp for Germans awaiting deportation during the First World War, a Navy way station, munitions storage, military hospital and a coast guard station. It finally closed in November 1954 and in 1965 it was declared a National Monument.

Immigration Into the U.S.A.

Artwork based on images of a Immigrants by French artist JR

There was little in the way of immigration control until the Naturalisation Act of 1790. This meant that any foreign national who was an adult white male and resident in the United States for at least two years was given legal residency status.

Immigration was still fairly lax until a major influx from Europe during the early nineteenth century. The first state run immigration depot was opened at Castle Gardens in The Battery, which looks out to Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty.

In the decade following the Irish Famine, over one million Irish left to seek a new life, of course not all of them made it. The ships they were on were known as Coffin Ships, as they had poor hygiene standards and were overcrowded. Sadly some 30% of passengers on each ship would die.

Words of Irish Hope

Prostitutes, criminals, those deemed lunatics and idiots were banned from entry during the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century, as well as those thought to be carrying disease, unaccompanied children and any nationality that had an apparently unstable, facist or communist government. The authorities were terrified of America being overrun with radicals and overwhelmed by disease and criminal activity. They were also worried about the burden of becoming responsible for children, the sick and those with a disposition that left them unable to gain lawful employment.

When Annie Moore set foot on Ellis Island, she was one of 700 that day and over the following half century, 12 million more would seek entry into the land of the free.

As new laws came into place and more restrictions were enforced at the start of the twentieth century, immigration numbers declined. During the Great Depression, for the first time ever, there were more folks emigrating than entering the U.S.

Who Are You?

So what happened when you arrived into American waters and saw Ellis Island for the first time?

After weeks at sea, hungry, exhausted, you were still subjected to hours of gruelling inspection and questioning.

Main Hall, Immigration Centre

The first task was to check for outward signs of illness or disability. Doctors would walk the lengthy process queues and anyone thought to require further assessment would be marked with chalk.

If you made it past the medical inspection stage, you would be questioned to see if you were deemed financially self sufficient, had an understanding of the American way, did not harbour fascist or rebellious tendencies and were not with mental defect. These questions were often complicated, especially when you were exhausted and spoke little English.

One of the main illnesses that was checked for was an eye condition called Trachoma which could cause loss of sight and fatality. The examination involved the use of a button hook to turn the eylid inside out for closer inspection.

If you had crossed the Atlantic Ocean into New York in First Class, you were deemed to have financial stability and a clean bill of physical and mental health. Money talks.

The fortunate were given leave to enter the United States of America, the rest? Some were deported of course, but others spent much time on Ellis Island, a no man’s land with Lady Liberty teasing at a freedom and new life yet to be decided. The hospital was home to many and believe it or not was way ahead of its time. I will tell you more as we go building by building through our visit.

View of the Statue of Liberty from a Room on Ellis Island

Health, Hospital and Hope

Corridor at Ellis Island Hospital

On our visit we not only visited the immigration centre, but took the ‘Hard Hat Tour’ which takes you through the abandoned hospital buildings and to parts of the island you would never normally see.

Our guides for the Hard Hat Tour were Pam and Tori. In a strange twist of fate, one was from NYC and one from New Jersey. There was an ongoing battle between the two states regarding ownership of Ellis Island. In 1995 it was decreed that the landfill element including the hospital buildings belonged to New Jersey and the Immigration building belonged to New York. It was strange to stand in one place and be in two different States!

Our tour began by walking from the immigration centre to the abandoned hospital buildings.

Pam and Tori explained that the tours were run by Save Ellis Island, a group dedicated to the restoration and maintenance of the historic buildings that hold a huge relevance in the history of the United States.

We visited the huge laundry room where workers would use the heavy machinery to make a wage.

We then continued to the first of the outbuildings, which was the psychiatric unit. In a concerning twist, we were informed that the maternity unit was situated on a floor above the psychiatric ward!

Psychiatric ward and Maternity unit

Due to an unprecedented level of care, despite the potential, there was zero infant mortality on Ellis Island. Even pregnant women who faced deportation were given first class care. It was ensured that mother and child were in top health before departure. Unfortunately single mothers were not allowed entry into the U.S as they were considered a burden on the country.

The medical facilities on Ellis Island were well ahead of the times. They followed the Florence Nightingale methodology, with doors and segregated corridors to stop the spread of disease. Big windows were also introduced to increase light and positive frames of mind as well as an increase in Vitamin D to speed recovery.

The kitchen on Ellis Island was well stocked and maintained. Inhabitants were well fed, all with a view to aid improving health so they could be processed for either deportation or for the lucky- a new life in America.

Kitchen of Ellis Island hospital

It was also a teaching hospital, so there was a classroom setting in the mortuary. Investigations into causes of death and new methods of treatment were constantly being tested, evaluated and introduced. Mattresses were hygienically cleansed and there were separate facilities for various diseases.

Teaching mortuary
Body storage units
Inside body storage unit

Despite this, there were still over three and a half thousand deaths on Ellis Island.

As a paranormal investigator, it is not a stretch to imagine the ghosts of some of these traumatised individuals remain. So many were not so much seeking a new life, as escaping an old one. They were so close, yet disease, madness or malnutrition were their ultimate demise, the image of the Statue of Liberty the last thing they would see.

How The Other Half Lived

We were taken to the grand house that the Chief medics resided in, so typical of the well to do houses of Manhattan of the time, views over a rising skyline of progress, yet so close to life and death and desperation. There is a letter in the house from a woman who grew up their, living as any other child, quite unaware of the battle for health and freedom intertwined with turmoil and heartache just feet away.

Journey To The New World

As we stood on the shoreline looking out to Manhattan, our tour was at an end. It was moving, insightful, educational and so incredible. If you visit Ellis Island, please do not miss this tour.

Dominic on the shore of Ellis Island

Returning to the Immigration centre, it was almost an anticlimax. We walked through the interactive experience in the centre, but sadly the look up for family records was unavailable at the time but thankfully available online. It was still wonderful to stand where my relatives had stood to gain entry and explore the various areas of the centre. You also get to create your own certificate as a keepsake which is emailed to you – a nice touch.

My own certificate
Freedom View -Window over Manhattan from the Immigration Centre

There is a fine cafeteria and a few gift shops with fun and interesting memorabilia as well as informative books.

As we boarded our ferry to return and took in our view of an ever enlarging Manhattan skyline, I looked back and realised the few hours spent may not have been enough. I could do the Hard Hat Tour over and over again. And how much would I love to do a paranormal investigation here?!

A New Life in New York

Ellis Island and particularly the Hard Hat Tour is quite possibly top of the to do list in NYC. Don’t miss it.

My thanks to Save Ellis Island, our guides and information from the Ellis Island page and History Channel. All photographs property of Ann Massey.